On Finding the Real Issues

Something I see regularly happen in my role of consultant. Clients typically arrive with what they think is a core issue, but experience shows it’s often just the tip of the iceberg. Here’s how I break it down in real time to unearth what’s truly happening and add tangible value to their business.

Start with Active Listening

Before jumping to solutions, invest time in truly understanding your client’s perspective:

  • Pay attention to both what is said and what remains unsaid
  • Notice emotional undertones when certain topics are discussed
  • Observe body language and team dynamics during meetings
  • Take detailed notes, focusing on recurring themes or pain points

Ask the Right Questions

The quality of your diagnosis depends on the quality of your questions:

  1. Open-ended exploratory questions:
    • “What does success look like for this project?”
    • “How did this situation develop over time?”
    • “What solutions have you tried before?”
  2. Context-gathering questions:
    • “Who are the key stakeholders affected by this issue?”
    • “What constraints are you working under?”
    • “How does this problem impact different departments?”
  3. Root cause questions:
    • “What happens if we don’t solve this problem?”
    • “When did you first notice this issue?”
    • “What changes occurred around that time?”

Look Beyond the Obvious

Common surface-level problems often mask deeper issues:

  • A request for “better team communication” might reveal fundamental structural problems
  • “Revenue decline” could indicate shifting market dynamics or outdated business models
  • “High turnover” might point to leadership or cultural challenges

Validate Your Findings

Before proceeding with solutions:

  1. Triangulate information from multiple sources
  2. Cross-reference data points
  3. Test hypotheses through targeted interviews
  4. Present initial findings to stakeholders for feedback

The Power of Process Mapping

One effective technique for understanding complex problems is process mapping. Document the current state, identify pain points and bottlenecks, map dependencies and relationships, and highlight areas of inefficiency or waste:

  1. Document the current state
  2. Identify pain points and bottlenecks
  3. Map dependencies and relationships
  4. Highlight areas of inefficiency or waste

Building Trust Through Understanding

Demonstrating deep understanding builds client trust:

  • Show empathy for the challenges they face
  • Acknowledge the complexity of their situation
  • Respect their expertise in their domain
  • Be transparent about your thought process

Moving from Understanding to Action

Once you’ve identified the core issues:

  1. Present Findings Simply: Summarize your findings in a clear, concise way to keep attention focused on core insights.
  2. Connect Symptoms to Causes: Link visible issues to their root causes so the client understands the bigger picture.
  3. Offer Targeted Solutions: Tailor solutions that address core problems, with a balance of quick wins and long-term fixes.
  4. Build an Actionable Roadmap: Lay out a phased plan with clear timelines to guide the client from diagnosis to resolution.
  5. Define Success Metrics: Set specific, measurable goals to show concrete progress and demonstrate ROI.

Each step builds trust and keeps the client focused on meaningful, sustainable improvements.